The railroad, much like any other infrastructure, requires persistent investment and renovation. Support obtained from the Cohesion Fund ever since accession of Estonia to the European Union has enabled major repairs on hundreds of kilometers of railroad and surrounding infrastructure. Such repairs are ongoing as a large part of the railroad still dates back to the 1960s. 

The objective of relevant investment projects is to ensure sustainable transportation. Priorities also include connecting environment friendly, low-noise, and low-carbon transportation systems, including inland waterways, maritime transport, harbors, and other different modes of transport as well as developing and improving airport infrastructures for the purpose of advancing sustainable regional and local mobility.